Observe the boot-up RAM count to see that it is correct for the amount of physical RAM actually installed in the system. If not, swap RAM devices around to see whether the count changes. Use logical rotation of the RAM devices to locate the defective part.
Normally, the only time a configuration problem occurs is when the system is being set up for the first time, or when a new option is installed. The other condition that causes a configuration problem involves the system boards CMOS backup battery. If the battery fails, or has been changed, the contents of the CMOS setup will be lost. After replacing the battery, it is always necessary to run the CMOS setup utility to reconfigure they system.
The values stored in CMOS must accurately reflect the configuration of the system; otherwise, an error occurs. You can access these values for change by pressing a predetermined key combination during the boot-up procedure.
In Pentium-based systems, check the advanced CMOS configuration and enabling setting in the BIOS and chipset features screens. These settings, illustrated in figure 2.4, usually include the disk drive, keyboard, and video options, as well as on-board serial and parallel ports.
In addition, the user can turn on or off certain sections of the systems RAM for shadowing purpose and establish parity or non-parity memory operations.
Incorrectly set BIOS enabling parameters cause the corresponding hardware to fail. Therefore, check the enabling functions of the advanced CMOS settings as a part of every hardware configuration troubleshooting procedure.
In some BIOS, holding down the Del key throughout the startup erases the CMOS contents and starts from scratch. Jumpers that can be set to start the contents from a bare-essentials setting may also be placed on the system board. In either case, you must rebuild any advanced features in the CMOS configuration afterward.
Newer system boards have an auto-configuration mode that takes over most of the setup decisions. This option works well in the majority of applications. Its settings produce an efficient, basic level of operation for standard devices in the system. However, they do not optimize the performance of the system. To do that, you must turn off the auto-configuration feature and insert desired parameters into the configuration table. There are typically two options for the auto-configuration function.
* Auto-configure with Power-On Defaults
* Auto-configure with BIOS Defaults
Using power-on defaults for auto-configuration loads the most conservative options possible into the system from the BIOS. This is the most effective way.
Typically, if the boot-up process reaches the point where the system CMOS configuration information displays onscreen, you can safely assume that no hardware configuration conflicts exist in the systems basic components. After this point in the boot-up process, the system begins loading drivers for optional devices and additional memory. If the error occurs after the CMOS screen displays and before the boot-up tone, you must clean boot the system and single step through the remainder of the boot-up sequence.
The many configuration options available in a a modern BIOS requires the user to have a good deal of knowledge about the particular function being configured. Therefore, an extended discussion of the advanced CMOS setup options cannot be conducted at this point . However, such information is covered along with the system component it relates to as the course moves through various system components.
CMOS setup utilities may also offer a wide array of exit options. One common mistake in working with CMOS configuration settings is that of not saving the new settings before exiting. When this happens, the new settings are not stored, and so that old settings are still in place when the system reboots.
Normally, the only time a configuration problem occurs is when the system is being set up for the first time, or when a new option is installed. The other condition that causes a configuration problem involves the system boards CMOS backup battery. If the battery fails, or has been changed, the contents of the CMOS setup will be lost. After replacing the battery, it is always necessary to run the CMOS setup utility to reconfigure they system.
The values stored in CMOS must accurately reflect the configuration of the system; otherwise, an error occurs. You can access these values for change by pressing a predetermined key combination during the boot-up procedure.
In Pentium-based systems, check the advanced CMOS configuration and enabling setting in the BIOS and chipset features screens. These settings, illustrated in figure 2.4, usually include the disk drive, keyboard, and video options, as well as on-board serial and parallel ports.
In addition, the user can turn on or off certain sections of the systems RAM for shadowing purpose and establish parity or non-parity memory operations.
Incorrectly set BIOS enabling parameters cause the corresponding hardware to fail. Therefore, check the enabling functions of the advanced CMOS settings as a part of every hardware configuration troubleshooting procedure.
In some BIOS, holding down the Del key throughout the startup erases the CMOS contents and starts from scratch. Jumpers that can be set to start the contents from a bare-essentials setting may also be placed on the system board. In either case, you must rebuild any advanced features in the CMOS configuration afterward.
Newer system boards have an auto-configuration mode that takes over most of the setup decisions. This option works well in the majority of applications. Its settings produce an efficient, basic level of operation for standard devices in the system. However, they do not optimize the performance of the system. To do that, you must turn off the auto-configuration feature and insert desired parameters into the configuration table. There are typically two options for the auto-configuration function.
* Auto-configure with Power-On Defaults
* Auto-configure with BIOS Defaults
Using power-on defaults for auto-configuration loads the most conservative options possible into the system from the BIOS. This is the most effective way.
Typically, if the boot-up process reaches the point where the system CMOS configuration information displays onscreen, you can safely assume that no hardware configuration conflicts exist in the systems basic components. After this point in the boot-up process, the system begins loading drivers for optional devices and additional memory. If the error occurs after the CMOS screen displays and before the boot-up tone, you must clean boot the system and single step through the remainder of the boot-up sequence.
The many configuration options available in a a modern BIOS requires the user to have a good deal of knowledge about the particular function being configured. Therefore, an extended discussion of the advanced CMOS setup options cannot be conducted at this point . However, such information is covered along with the system component it relates to as the course moves through various system components.
CMOS setup utilities may also offer a wide array of exit options. One common mistake in working with CMOS configuration settings is that of not saving the new settings before exiting. When this happens, the new settings are not stored, and so that old settings are still in place when the system reboots.
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